{"id":1048,"date":"2022-04-12T16:07:04","date_gmt":"2022-04-12T13:07:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fiacoglobal.com.tr\/?p=1048"},"modified":"2022-04-12T17:37:31","modified_gmt":"2022-04-12T14:37:31","slug":"enflasyon-kavrami-ve-turkiyede-enflasyon","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fiacoglobal.com.tr\/ru\/2022\/04\/12\/enflasyon-kavrami-ve-turkiyede-enflasyon\/","title":{"rendered":"ENFLASYON KAVRAMI VE T\u00dcRK\u0130YE\u2019DE ENFLASYON"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Enflasyon Nedir ve Nas\u0131l Hesaplan\u0131r?<\/strong><\/h3>\n

<\/p>\n

Enflasyon genel tan\u0131m\u0131 itibariyle; fiyatlar genel seviyesinde meydana gelen s\u00fcrekli art\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu tan\u0131m\u0131 daha da a\u00e7arsak; \u00fcr\u00fcn fiyatlar\u0131n teker teker art\u0131\u015f\u0131 enflasyon tan\u0131m\u0131na girmez. T\u00fcm \u00fcr\u00fcn fiyatlar\u0131n\u0131n tamam\u0131n\u0131n art\u0131\u015f\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin tamam\u0131nda tek seferli fiyat art\u0131\u015f\u0131 da enflasyon tan\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7ine girmez. Enflasyondan bahsedilebilmesi i\u00e7in \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin tamam\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcrekli olarak art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6stermesi gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n

Para arz\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fckselmesinden kaynaklanan enflasyona talep enflasyonu, \u00fcr\u00fcn maliyet fiyatlar\u0131ndan kaynaklanan enflasyona da maliyet enflasyonu denmektedir.<\/p>\n

Enflasyon hesaplanmas\u0131nda T\u00fcketici Fiyat Endeksi (T\u00dcFE) ve \u00dcretici Fiyat Endeksi dikkate al\u0131n\u0131r. T\u00dcFE hesaplamas\u0131 genellikle t\u00fcketicileri ilgilendirdi\u011finden ve toplumsal bir boyut ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan TV kanallar\u0131, gazete man\u015fetleri, radyo kanallar\u0131 gibi medya organlar\u0131nda yer al\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131 ile T\u00dcFE ile hesaplanan enflasyona bu sebepten Man\u015fet Enflasyon denilmektedir ve ismini de gazete man\u015fetlerine yans\u0131mas\u0131ndan almaktad\u0131r. Bu enflasyon t\u00fcr\u00fc di\u011fer \u00fclke verileri, maa\u015f d\u00fczeltmeleri, fiyat ayarlamalar\u0131 ve analizler yapmas\u0131na olanak sa\u011flayan enflasyon \u00e7e\u015fididir.<\/p>\n

Enflasyon hesaplamas\u0131nda b\u00fct\u00fcn iller ve baz\u0131 il\u00e7eler dikkate al\u0131narak 10 binin \u00fczerinde kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131ya y\u00f6neltilen anket sonucunda elde edilen gelir bilgileri, \u00fcr\u00fcn bilgileri vb. dikkate al\u0131narak bir sepette toplan\u0131yor. Ayr\u0131ca 30 bin civar\u0131 i\u015fletmeden 400 bin civar\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcn fiyat al\u0131n\u0131yor. Sebze meyve fiyatlar\u0131 haftada bir kez, di\u011fer \u00fcr\u00fcnler ayda iki kez, kiralar ayda bir kez, akaryak\u0131t vb. g\u00fcnl\u00fck olarak takip ediliyor. Belirli a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kland\u0131rmalar yap\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra 12 adet mal ve hizmet grubuna oranlan\u0131yor. Sonu\u00e7 olarak T\u00dcFE endeks y\u0131l\u0131 olan 2003 y\u0131l\u0131 100 kabul edilerek bulunan oranla de\u011ferlemeye tabi tutuluyor ve enflasyon oran\u0131na ula\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Bir \u00f6nceki d\u00f6neme g\u00f6re k\u0131yaslama yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ise enflasyon oran\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015fse fiyatlar genel olarak d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f, y\u00fckselmi\u015f ise fiyatlar genel olarak y\u00fckselmi\u015f kabul ediliyor.<\/p>\n

Bulunan Enflasyon Oranlar\u0131 Ne <\/b>\u0130<\/strong>fade Etmektedir?<\/b><\/h3>

<\/b><\/div>\n

Bulunan oran \u00fczerinden;<\/p>\n

    \n
  • %0 ile %1 aras\u0131nda ise S\u00fcr\u00fcnen Enflasyonu;<\/strong> <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Bu enflasyonda ileride enflasyona dayal\u0131 kayg\u0131lar olmaz.<\/p>\n

      \n
    • %1 ile %3 aras\u0131nda ise D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck Enflasyonu: <\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Bu enflasyon ileriye d\u00f6n\u00fck kayg\u0131lar\u0131n \u00e7ok olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, 3\u2019e yakla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda olabilme ihtimalinin oldu\u011funu ifade eder.<\/p>\n

        \n
      • %3 ile %8 aras\u0131nda ise Erta Enflasyonu:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        Bu enflasyon enflasyonist bask\u0131lar olu\u015fur. Devlet kamu harcamalar\u0131 ve para politikas\u0131n\u0131 kontrol alt\u0131nda tutarak gev\u015fetmemeye \u00f6zen g\u00f6stermesi gereklidir. Genellikle geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkelerde g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

          \n
        • %8 ile %20 aras\u0131nda ise Y\u00fcksek Enflasyonu:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          Bu enflasyon sorunun ciddile\u015fti\u011fini ve gerekli \u00f6nlemler al\u0131nmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde kontrol edilmesinin g\u00fc\u00e7 oldu\u011funu ifade eder.<\/p>\n

            \n
          • %20 \u00fczeri ise \u00c7ok Y\u00fcksek Enflasyonu:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            Bu enflasyonda oran art\u0131k\u00e7a hiper enflasyon tehlikesi s\u00f6z konusudur. Bu durumda fedakarl\u0131klar gerekir. \u00dccretlerin dondurulmas\u0131, kiralar\u0131n durdurulmas\u0131 vb.<\/p>\n

              \n
            • %50 \u00fczeri ise Hiper Enflasyonu: <\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              Bu enflasyonda kontrol edilmesi \u00e7ok g\u00fc\u00e7 bir ekonomik sistem sorunlar\u0131 meydana gelir. Siyasi iktidara g\u00fcven olmaz ve de\u011fi\u015fiklik s\u00f6z konusu olabilir.<\/p>\n

              a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131 yap\u0131labilmektedir.<\/p>\n

              T\u00fcrkiye Enflasyon Tahminlerini Ni\u00e7in Tutturam\u0131yor?<\/strong><\/h3>\n
               <\/strong><\/div>\n

              Y\u0131llard\u0131r T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de %5 enflasyon hedeflemesi dikkate al\u0131n\u0131yor. Ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen oranlar ise baz\u0131 zamanlarda nerdeyse iki kat\u0131, baz\u0131 zamanlarda ise daha fazla oluyor.<\/p>\n

              Bu durumda \u00fc\u00e7 konu akla gelmektedir. Birincisi Maliye politikalar\u0131, \u00fclkede belirlenen para politikalar\u0131n\u0131 negatif y\u00f6nde etkiliyor olabilir. \u0130kincisi ise belirlenen para politikalar\u0131 hatal\u0131 olabilir. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fc ise tahmin edilen oran (%5) ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i bir oran de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n

              Enflasyonun iki sebeple artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ekonomistler taraf\u0131ndan kabul edilmi\u015ftir. Birincisi toplam talep toplam arz\u0131 a\u015fmas\u0131 durumu, ikincisi \u00fcretim maliyetlerinin artmas\u0131 durumudur. \u0130lk durum \u00fclkede i\u00e7 talep miktar\u0131n\u0131n fazla olmamas\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131narak elenmektedir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131 ile ikinci se\u00e7enek olan \u00fcretim maliyetlerinin artmas\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de enflasyonun artmas\u0131na ve hedeflere ula\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7le\u015ftirmektedir.<\/p>\n

              \u00dcretim maliyetlerindeki art\u0131\u015f, d\u00f6viz kurlar\u0131nda y\u00fcksek art\u0131\u015flar, \u00fccret art\u0131\u015flar\u0131, finansman eksikli\u011finden kaynakl\u0131 y\u00fcksek maliyetli bor\u00e7lanmalar, petrol, do\u011falgaz gibi ithal mallar\u0131n\u0131n fiyat\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131ndan vb. kaynaklan\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131 ile T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de \u00fcretim fiyatlar\u0131 art\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan kaynaklanan enflasyon s\u00f6z konusudur.<\/p>\n

              Enflasyonla m\u00fccadele eden t\u00fcm ekonomilerde, \u00fcretim maliyet fiyatlar\u0131 ve talep edilen \u00fcr\u00fcn ile para arz\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki dengenin olabildi\u011fince g\u00fczel analiz ve tahmin edilmesi gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n

              T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Strateji ve B\u00fct\u00e7e Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan a\u00e7\u0131klanan son enflasyon oran\u0131 Ocak 2020 oran\u0131d\u0131r. Bu oran T\u00dcFE baz\u0131nda %12,2, \u00dcFE baz\u0131nda %8,8\u2019dir. Aral\u0131k 2019 oranlar\u0131 ise T\u00dcFE baz\u0131nda %11,8, \u00dcFE baz\u0131nda %7,4\u2019t\u00fcr. Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma yap\u0131lacak olursa Ocak 2020 d\u00f6neminde Fiyatlar Genel Seviyesinde T\u00dcFE ve \u00dcFE hesaplamalar\u0131nda Aral\u0131k 2019 d\u00f6nemine g\u00f6re art\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. 2019 y\u0131l\u0131 Ocak ay\u0131 verilerinde ise T\u00dcFE baz\u0131nda %20,4, \u00dcFE baz\u0131nda ise %32,9\u2019dur. Ocak 2020 ve Ocak 2019 kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131rsa; T\u00dcFE baz\u0131nda %8,2 oran\u0131nda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f, \u00dcFE baz\u0131nda ise %24,1 oran\u0131nda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. 2018 y\u0131l\u0131nda d\u00f6viz kurlar\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan y\u00fcksek art\u0131\u015flar\u0131n, \u00fcretim maliyetlerine olduk\u00e7a etki etti\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Gerekli \u00f6nlemler al\u0131narak oran olduk\u00e7a d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

              D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck Enflasyon \u0130yi Midir?<\/strong><\/h3>\n
               <\/strong><\/div>\n

              D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn enflasyon asl\u0131nda istenilen bir durumdur fakat ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi baz\u0131 sorunlar\u0131 beraberinde getirebilir. Enflasyon d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck oldu\u011funda t\u00fcketici \u2018Nas\u0131l olsa fiyatlarda herhangi bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik olmuyor, sonra al\u0131r\u0131m\u2019 diye hareket edebilmektedir. Bu da ekonomik durgunlu\u011fa sebep olabilir. \u00d6rn; Japonya^da y\u0131llard\u0131r %1\u2019in alt\u0131ndan enflasyon s\u00f6z konusu. Japonya\u2019da ya\u015fayan t\u00fcketici gruplar\u0131 fiyatlar\u0131n y\u00fckselmeyece\u011fini tahmin edebildi\u011fi i\u00e7in t\u00fcketimini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmemekte, tasarrufa y\u00f6nelmektedir. O y\u00fczden de Japonya y\u0131llard\u0131r ekonomisi durgun bir \u00fclkedir. Bu y\u00fczden %1 ile %3 aras\u0131 geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkelerin bir\u00e7o\u011funda kabul edilen enflasyon politikas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

              Enflasyon Nedir ve Nas\u0131l Hesaplan\u0131r? Enflasyon genel tan\u0131m\u0131 itibariyle; fiyatlar genel seviyesinde meydana gelen s\u00fcrekli art\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu tan\u0131m\u0131 daha da a\u00e7arsak; \u00fcr\u00fcn fiyatlar\u0131n teker teker art\u0131\u015f\u0131 enflasyon tan\u0131m\u0131na girmez. T\u00fcm \u00fcr\u00fcn fiyatlar\u0131n\u0131n tamam\u0131n\u0131n art\u0131\u015f\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin tamam\u0131nda tek seferli fiyat art\u0131\u015f\u0131 da…<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1048","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-fiaco-global"],"yoast_head":"\nENFLASYON KAVRAMI VE T\u00dcRK\u0130YE\u2019DE ENFLASYON | Fiaco Global<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/fiacoglobal.com.tr\/ru\/2022\/04\/12\/enflasyon-kavrami-ve-turkiyede-enflasyon\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ru_RU\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"ENFLASYON KAVRAMI VE T\u00dcRK\u0130YE\u2019DE ENFLASYON | Fiaco Global\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Enflasyon Nedir ve Nas\u0131l Hesaplan\u0131r? 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